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''North American Review'' (''NAR'') was the first literary magazine in the United States. It was founded in Boston in 1815 by journalist Nathan Hale and others. It was published continuously until 1940, but was inactive from 1940 to 1964, until it was revived at Cornell College (Iowa) under Robert Dana. Since 1968 the University of Northern Iowa (Cedar Falls) has been home to the publication. Nineteenth-century archives are freely available via Cornell University's Making of America. ==History== ''NAR's'' first editor, William Tudor, and other founders had been members of Boston's Anthology Club, and launched ''North American Review'' to foster a genuine American culture. In its first few years NAR published poetry, fiction, and miscellaneous essays on a bimonthly schedule, but in 1820, it became a quarterly, with more focused contents intent on improving society and on elevating culture. ''NAR'' promoted the improvement of public education and administration, with reforms in secondary schools, sound professional training of doctors and lawyers, rehabilitation of prisoners at the state penitentiary, and government by educated experts. ''NAR's'' editors and contributors included several literary and political New Englanders as John Adams, George Bancroft, Nathaniel Bowditch, William Cullen Bryant, Lewis Cass, Edward T. Channing, Caleb Cushing, Richard Henry Dana, Sr., Alexander Hill Everett, Edward Everett, Jared Sparks, George Ticknor, Gulian C. Verplanck, and Daniel Webster. Between 1862 and 1872, its co-editors were James Russell Lowell and Charles Eliot Norton.〔Sullivan, Wilson. ''New England Men of Letters''. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1972: 218. ISBN 0-02-788680-8〕 Henry Adams also later served as an editor. Although the Review did not often publish fiction, it serialized ''The Ambassadors'' by Henry James. In 1876, Allen Thorndike Rice purchased ''NAR'' for $3000 and made himself the editor. He continued as editor until his death in 1889.〔pp.405-406 in American National Biography, Vol. 18, Oxford University Press (c)1999〕 He died unexpectedly in 1889 and left the magazine to Lloyd Bryce in his will. Bryce was the owner and editor from 1889 to 1896. In 1899, George Harvey (former managing editor of the ''New York World'') purchased ''NAR'', made himself editor and kept control until 1926, except for 1921-1924, when he was United States Ambassador to the United Kingdom. In Fall 1926, ''NAR'' was sold to Walter Butler Mahony. Joseph Hilton Smyth purchased ''NAR'' from Mahony in September 1938, but publication was suspended in 1940, when Smyth was found to be a Japanese spy, pleading guilty in 1942 to receiving $125,000 from 1938 to 1941 to establish or buy publications for the purpose of spreading Japanese propaganda.〔http://www.things-and-other-stuff.com/magazines/north-american-review.html〕 Poet Robert Dana rescued ''NAR'' in 1964, resuming its operation and serving as editor-in-chief from 1964 to 1968. During these years, ''NAR'' was based at Cornell College, where Dana taught at the time.〔 To revive ''NAR'', Dana successfully negotiated arrangements with Claiborne Pell, at the time Senator from Rhode Island, who asserted that he had the rights to the magazine. ''NAR'' was moved to the University of Northern Iowa from Cornell College in 1968 under the editor Robley Wilson. Since then, its literary contributors have included Lee K. Abbott, Margaret Atwood, Marvin Bell, Vance Bourjaily, Raymond Carver, Eldridge Cleaver, Guy Davenport, Gary Gildner, David Hellerstein, George V. Higgins, Donald Justice, Yosef Komunyakaa, Barry Lopez, Jack Miles, Joyce Carol Oates, David Rabe, Lynne Sharon Schwartz, Anthony Storr, Kurt Vonnegut, and many others. The current editors (since 2000) are Grant Tracey and Vince Gotera. Other notable positions include Managing Editor, Shelly Criswell, Associate Editor, Jeremy Schraffenberger, and Assistant Editor, Rachel Morgan. In 2015 it celebrates the bicentennial of its founding with a conference in Cedar Falls.〔Melody Parker, ("Bicentennial celebration: North American Review, the nation's oldest literary journal to host conference in Cedar Falls" ), ''WCF Courier'', May 31, 2015 (retrieved 7 June 2015)〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「North American Review」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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